Paper nest wasps are common throughout Australia and are frequently encountered in residential, commercial, and strata environments. They are named for the distinctive paper-like nests they construct from chewed plant fibres mixed with saliva, which are often attached to eaves, fences, pergolas, sheds, and outdoor structures.
Paper nest wasps are predatory insects that feed on other insects, including caterpillars and flies, making them beneficial in low numbers. However, when nests are built close to human activity, they can become aggressive and pose a serious stinging risk.
Paper nest wasps are most active during spring and summer. In Western Australia, warm temperatures encourage rapid nest construction and colony growth, increasing the likelihood of human–wasp interactions.
Lifecycle
The paper nest wasp lifecycle consists of egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages and is closely linked to seasonal conditions.
- A fertilised queen emerges in spring and begins building a small paper nest
- Eggs are laid into individual open cells within the nest
- Larvae hatch and are fed chewed insects by adult wasps
- Larvae pupate within the cells before emerging as adult workers
- As the season progresses, colonies expand and produce new queens and males
Colonies usually die off in cooler months, with fertilised queens overwintering to start new nests the following season.
Identification
- Slender body with a narrow “waist”
- Length typically 15–25 mm
- Colour varies by species, commonly brown, yellow, and black
- Long legs that hang down during flight
- Wings folded lengthwise when at rest
- Open, umbrella-shaped paper nests with visible hexagonal cells
Paper nest wasps are often seen flying repeatedly to and from their nests during daylight hours.
Damage
Paper nest wasps do not cause structural damage but can present significant safety concerns.
- Painful stings, which may occur when wasps feel threatened
- Multiple stings possible if a nest is disturbed
- Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in sensitive individuals
- Reduced use of outdoor areas due to nest proximity
- Increased risk around children, pets, and high-traffic entry points
Unlike bees, paper wasps can sting multiple times.
